Structural wood elements and system that can be constructed therefrom

ABSTRACT

A system of structural wood elements has blocks that have grooves on bases and tongues on tops for superimposing the blocks. A lateral element fixed to one side of the blocks is thinner and longer than the blocks. Opposite ends of the lateral element are fixed to the topmost top and bottommost base of the blocks

AREA OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention involves the construction field, more specificallyit involves structural wood elements and a corresponding constructionsystem, enabling the construction of buildings, especially walls,partitions, floors, ceilings, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

Traditionally, the construction of wooden buildings, especially theconstruction of second homes or vacation villages in the form ofcottages, requires the use of costly species, in which the woodenelements are timbered from large tree trunks. The produce of the forestshas been considerably diminished and there is a genuine need for betterutilization of forest resources, a genuine need to exploit raw materialwhich up to now has been scarcely utilized (little added value). The useof products coming from smaller and/or curved trunks and low-grade woodspecies, especially those having a tendency to warp, is very limited;they are used essentially as heating wood or as raw material for paperpulp and for the production of wooden panels. Development in theconstruction of wooden houses, as well as the growth of this economicactivity, is ongoing. In fact, wood is experiencing a kind of fad, thismaterial is sought after by the current generation and there is anincreasingly large demand for it, which means that the market for woodenconstruction is steadily growing. On the other hand, the awareness ofenvironmental issues by the population, especially the young people, isleading to new lifestyles, especially in the area of housing, whichtranslates into an increasingly large demand for constructions orientedtoward elegant and natural materials. Wood is the especially preferredmaterial for this vibrant market. Wooden construction offers comfort andwell being, thermal and acoustical properties, as well as aestheticqualities appreciated by all.

Traditionally, wooden construction is made from round wooden timbers,massive planks, or wood core plywood planks, which are stacked on eachother and rabbeted at the corners of the construction. More recently andmore economically, the construction uses panels to make walls andpartitions, constructed from a skeleton, of uprights and stringers,between which are attached stiffening laths, consisting on the outsideof wooden panels, an air cavity, and a cladding, and on the inside ofwooden lining (wainscot), or some other material. The prefabrication ofthese panels at the plant is common, and they are assembled afterwardsat the work site. More recently, wooden construction has developedtoward so-called “kit” systems, structural elements made of wood. Thisis the particular purpose of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention consists in an original concept for a construction system(“kit” system), made from structural wooden elements, of simplefabrication, easy to implement and quick to set up, regardless of thelocation and the circumstances.

The concept of the wooden construction basically involves the use ofstructural wood construction elements for the building of structures,especially walls, wall sections, partitions, floors, ceilings, etc. Thisstructural construction element consists of a central block having aparallelepiped structure, on which the base is formed by a groove andthe upper part by a tongue (the profile of which is identical to that ofthe groove), which enables a perfect assembly of central blocks whenplaced vertically one on the other, on one surface of this centralblock, on which is secured (by gluing, nailing, screwing, or otherwise)a lateral element of thickness less than the thickness of the centralblock, of length greater than the length of the central block, and witha height greater than the height of the central block, on which the baseconsists of a groove and the upper portion of a tongue (the profilethereof is identical to that of the groove), on the surface of thislateral element opposite the surface attached to the central block isassembled another element (by gluing, nailing, screwing or otherwise) ofidentical useful height of variable thickness, and of greater length,for which the base consists of a groove and the upper part of a tongue(the profile of which is identical to that of the groove), so as makepossible means of assembly for other structural construction elements.

According to the basic provisions of the invention, this structuralconstruction element formed by a central block assembled with twoelements, such that the base (formed by a groove) of the central blockis perfectly aligned with the base of the two elements attached to oneof the surfaces of the central block, allows another structural elementwith a central block similar to the preceding one, on which and on thesurface opposite that of the preceding central block are attached twoelements similar to those applied to the first central block, so thatthese are aligned with the second central block by their upper usefulparts, a vertical assembly of structural elements such that, by placingthe second structural element mentioned above on top of the first one,the upper part of the central block of the latter (tongue) is fittedperfectly in the base (groove) of the central block of the secondstructural element, the lateral element which is attached to the centralblock of the first structural element is still placed by its innersurface (at the block side) against the central block of the secondstructural element, and vice versa, that is, the inner surface (blockside) of the lateral element of the second structural element is stillplaced against the surface of the central block of the first structuralelement. These structural elements have assembly bodies arranged ontheir upper and lower lengthwise edges to enable a vertical assembly ofelements one on top of the other, and this without the use of uprightsand/or other supplemental connection elements as are traditionally used.

This invention and this structural construction element offer numerousbenefits, among which:

-   its cost, since it can be made from wood of low commercial value as    regards the central block, with total utilization of the wood, since    the lengths are very short. Furthermore, an industrial mass    production is very easy and quick.-   its transport and maintenance, thanks to the weight and dimensions    and the possibility of interpenetration of the elements.-   its ease and speed of assembly, since it is easy to manipulate and    it is sufficient unto itself since the alignment, horizontality, and    plumbness are produced automatically by the fitting of the tongues    in the grooves.-   its reutilization, since the construction can be disassembled.

According to one embodiment of the invention, it is also possible tomake intersecting structures, which enable the creation of L-shapedstructures, as well as T-shaped structures, intersecting or with anotherangle. The central block of the structural elements which allows one tomake this type of intersecting structure has a recess at its lowerlengthwise edge and situated perpendicular to the latter, with the sameprofile as that of the groove situated in the base of the block, whichis likewise identical to that of the upper tongue of the central block;the location of the recess perpendicular to the base of the centralblock, as well as the length and the location of the lateral elements,vary according to the type of structure being made. The perpendicularrecess at the base of the central block enables assembly with anothercentral block placed underneath, so that the upper part (tongue) of thelatter fits perfectly into the perpendicular recess of the base of theother block, placed at 90°. For the making of intersecting structureswith an angle other than 90°, it is sufficient to make the recess at thebase of the block with the desired angle.

Another characteristic of the invention is the fact that the centralblock of the structural elements is vertically perforated, which allowsfor the passage of the connection and fixation element of the variousstructural elements placed vertically, for example, a screw spindle withits accessories, washers, bolts, connectors, etc.

According to a particularly favorable characteristic of the invention,the species of wood used for the fabrication of the central block, thelateral elements and the lining elements can be different; it ispossible to use less elegant and thus cheaper types of wood, dependingon the desired technical and aesthetic criteria. For example, it ispreferable to use tough and impervious wood for the lining elementsplaced on the outside, since it will be exposed to the weather; anaesthetic wood more in demand for decorative purposes for the liningelements placed inside; and a hard wood for the central block and thelateral elements, since it will secure the structure of the finishedconstruction.

Even though the main aspects of the invention that are considered to beinnovative have already been stated, more ample details regarding theembodiment of constructions made from the structural elements of woodconstruction, using the fundamental notions of the invention, will bebetter understood by consulting the following description and theaccompanying drawings, illustrating these embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1, 1 a, 1 b and 1 c show perspective views of a first embodimentof structural construction elements according to the invention.

FIGS. 2, 2 a and 2 b show perspective views of a second embodiment ofstructural construction elements according to the invention.

FIGS. 3 and 3 a show perspective views of an embodiment of an anglestructure according to the invention.

FIGS. 4 and 4 a show perspective views of an embodiment of a T-structureaccording to the invention.

FIGS. 5 and 5 a show perspective views of an embodiment of anintersecting structure according to the invention.

FIGS. 6, 6 a, 6 b, 6 c, 6 d, 6 e, 6 f, 6 g and 6 h show horizontal topviews of several walls and partitions representing the variousembodiments illustrated above, according to the invention.

FIGS. 7 a, 7 b, 7 c, 7 d, 7 e and 7 f show vertical side views of wallsections made from structural construction elements according to theinvention and with various profiles.

FIG. 8 shows a front view of a wall structure made from structuralconstruction elements according to the invention. FIG. 8 a shows avertical side view of a wall structure according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

As illustrated in the drawing of FIG. 1, the structural woodconstruction element, designated overall as 100, consists of two centralblocks 01 and 04, inserted between two lateral elements 02 and 05, whichin turn are inserted between two lining elements 03 and 06. The element02 is attached to the central block 01, and on the assembly resultingfrom these two elements is placed the element 03, which is attached tothe element 02, these three elements form the structural element 100 a,the element 05 is attached to the central block 04, on the assemblyproduced from these two elements is placed the element 06, which isattached to the element 05, these three elements form the structuralelement 100 b. The element designated as 100 in FIG. 1 corresponds tothe placement of element 100 a on top of element 100 b.

According to the fundamental concept of the invention, the lateralelements 02 and 05 are attached to the central blocks 01 and 04, thecentral block 01 is secured to the inner surface of the element 02 atits upper half and the central block 04 is secured to the inner surfaceof the element 05 at its lower half. The fixation elements (nails,screws, glue, etc.) are placed so as to never be visible after theconstruction is produced, they are placed in the direction: element02—block 01 and element 05—block 04. The lining element 03 is attachedby its inner surface to the outer surface of the element 02 such thatthese two elements are aligned at the bottom and top. The lining element06 is secured by its inner surface to the outer surface of the element05 such that these two elements remain aligned at the bottom and top.The fixation elements 08 are placed in the direction: element 02—element03 and element 05—element 06.

When a structural element 100 a is placed vertically on top of astructural element 100 b, they form a structural assembly 100, the baseof the central block 01 enables the insertion of the upper part of thecentral block 04, which on the one hand allows the upper and lowerlengthwise edges of the structural elements 100 a and 100 b to bealigned and leveled, and on the other hand the central block 01 to beplaced against the inner surface of the element 05 on its upper half andthe central block 04 to be placed against the inner surface of theelement 02 on its lower half. When structural assemblies 100 are placedvertically one above the other to produce the construction, supplementalcolumns or rows, etc., the upper lengthwise edges of the structuralassembly 100 fit into the lower lengthwise edges of the next structuralassembly 100, with the tongues of one fitting into the grooves of theother, so as to define the vertical alignment, horizontality, andplumbness.

According to the invention, the central blocks 01 and 04 are perforatedin the vertical direction 07, to allow for passage of the connection andfixation element, for example, a screw spindle with its supplementalaccessories.

The purpose of the structural construction assembly 110 represented inthe drawing of FIG. 2 is to show a variant of the structural assembly100, made from a structural element 110 a, FIG. 2 a, and a structuralelement 110 b, FIG. 2 b. These construction elements are more simplethan the elements 100 a and 100 b, inasmuch as the lateral element hasbeen eliminated from the composition.

The central blocks, which previously had a flat and clean cross sectionat their farthermost ends, now have an L-shaped cross section, thelateral element attached to the central block has been eliminated. Asillustrated in the drawing of FIG. 2, the wood construction elementdesignated as 110 is formed in its entirety by two central blocks 12 and15, inserted between two lateral lining elements 11 and 14, the centralblock 12 is attached by its largest surface to the inner surface of theelement 11 on its upper half and the central block 15 is attached by itslargest surface to the inner surface of the element 14 on its lowerhalf. The fixation elements 16 are placed in the ends of the blocks, atthe base with L-shaped cross section, so that they are not visible afterthe construction is produced.

When one construction element 110 a is placed vertically on top of aconstruction element 110 b, the result is a structural constructionelement 110 in which the base of the central block 12 enables theinsertion of the upper part of the central block 15, which on the onehand allows the upper and lower lengthwise edges of the structuralelements 110 a and 110 b to be aligned, and on the other hand thecentral block 12 to be placed against the inner surface of the element14 on its upper half and the central block 15 to be placed against theinner surface of the element 11 on its lower half. When structuralassemblies 110 are placed vertically on top of each other to produce theconstruction, primarily of partitions, the lower lengthwise edges of theelement 110 will always enable the insertion of the upper lengthwiseedges of the preceding structural element 110, with the tongues of theone fitting into the grooves of the other, so as to define the verticalalignment, horizontality, and plumbness.

According to the invention, the central blocks 12 and 15 are verticallyperforated 13, to allow the passage of the connection and fixationelement, for example, a screw spindle.

The purpose of the drawing of FIG. 3 is to show a structural assembly120 formed by the structural construction elements 120 a, 120 b, 120 cand 120 d, representing an angle structure. According to the invention,the structural element 120 a consists of a central block 31, which isattached to the inner surface of the lateral element 29 on its upperhalf, and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the liningelement 27. The structural element 120 b consists of a central block 32of length greater than that of the central block 31, which is secured tothe inner surface of the lateral element 30 on its lower half, and thisassembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 28. Thestructural element 120 c consists of a central block 26 similar to theblock 32, which is secured to the inner surface of the lateral element24 on its upper half, and this assembly is secured to the inner surfaceof the lining element 22. The structural element 120 d consists of acentral block 25 similar to the block 31, which is secured to the innersurface of the lateral element 23 on its lower half, and this assemblyis secured to the inner surface of the lining element 21. The centralblocks 26 and 32 have, in one of their ends and situated in their base,a recess perpendicular to the respective block 35, with a profileidentical to the groove and to the tongue which are located in the lowerand upper edges of the blocks; these recesses allow one to produce anintersecting structure for the structural elements when assembled. Thecomponent parts of the structural elements 120 a, 120 b, 120 c and 120 dthat form the structural assembly 120 are placed so that, when thisstructural assembly 120 is produced, the central block 26 placed on theblock 32 by means of the recess 35 situated at the base of the block 26and in which the upper tongue of the block 32 fits are positionedperpendicularly, the block 31 and the element 29 are placed against thecentral block 26, the block 25 and the elements 21, 23 and 24 are placedagainst the central block 32, the elements 28 and 30 are placed againstthe outer surface of the element 21, and one end of the element 27 isplaced against the inner surface of the element 22. The making of thestructural assembly 120 enables upper and lower lengthwise alignmentsbetween its elements which, in turn, permit vertical alignment,horizontality, and plumbness when two structural elements 120 are placedone on top of the other, FIG. 3 a.

According to the invention, the central blocks 26 and 32 are perforatedin the vertical direction 33 and 34, the perforations 33 are located atthe center of the recesses 35 which are located at the base of theblocks, which allows for the connection and fixation of the structuralelement 120 b to the structural element 120 c, these elements make anintersection, while on the other hand the perforations 34 enable theconnection and fixation of the structural element 120 c to thestructural element 120 d, which form one of the sides of the resultingstructure 120, and the connection and fixation of the structural element120 a to the structural element 120 b, which form the other side of theresulting structure 120.

The drawing of FIG. 4 shows a structural assembly 130 formed by thestructural elements 130 a, 130 b, 130 c and 130 d, representing aT-shaped structure. According to the invention, the structural element130 a consists of two similar central blocks 54 and 56, which aresecured respectively to the inner surfaces of the lateral elements 53and 55 on their upper halves, and these two resulting assemblies aresecured to the inner surface of the lining element 52, leaving aseparation between them equal to the thickness of the central block 46.The structural element 130 b consists of a central block 49, which has alength greater than the preceding blocks, which is secured to the innersurfaces of the lateral elements 48 and 51 on their lower halves, andthis resulting element is secured to the inner surfaces of the liningelements 47 and 50, such that the separation between the elements 50/51and the elements 47/48 is at most equal to the thickness of the elements41/42/43/44 added to that of the block 46. The structural element 130 cconsists of the central block 46, which has a length less than that ofthe block 49 but greater than that of the block 54, it is secured to theinner surface of the lateral element 44 on its upper half and thisassembly is secured to the inner surface of the lining element 42. Thestructural element 130 d consists of the central block 45, which has alength less than that of the block 46, it is secured to the innersurface of the lateral element 43 on its lower half and this assembly issecured to the inner surface of the lining element 41. The central block46 has, at one of its ends and situated in its base, a recess 57perpendicular to the block, likewise the central block 49 has a similarrecess situated at the center and in its base, with a profile identicalto the groove and tongue located in the lower and upper edge of theblocks; these recesses enable one to make an intersecting structure forthe structural elements when assembled. The component parts of thestructural elements 130 a, 130 b, 130 c and 130 d, which form thestructural assembly 130, are placed such that, when this structuralassembly 130 is produced, the block 46 placed on the block 49 by meansof the recess 57 situated at the base of the block 46 and into which theupper tongue of the block 49 fits are in perpendicular position; thecentral block 46 is placed against the inner surface of the element 52;the elements 41, 42, 43, 44 and the block 45 are placed against theblock 49; the elements 47 and 48 are placed against the outer surface ofthe element 42, the elements 50 and 51 are placed against the outersurface of the element 41. The making of the structural assembly 130enables upper and lower lengthwise alignments between its elements,which in turn, when two structural elements 130 are placed one on top ofthe other, enable a fitting between the lower lengthwise edges of theone and the upper lengthwise edges of the other, FIG. 4 a. The placingof these elements one on top of the other enables vertical alignment,horizontality, and plumbness.

The drawing of FIG. 5 shows a structural assembly 140 consisting ofstructural elements 140 a, 140 b, 140 c, 140 d, 140 e and 140 f,representing a structure in the shape of a cross. According to theinvention, the structural element 140 a consists of a central block 62,similar to the blocks 63/68 and 69, which is secured to the innersurface of the lateral element 61 on its upper half, and this assemblyis secured to the inner surface of the lining element 60. The structuralelement 140 b consists of a central block 77, having a length greaterthan that of the block 62, which is secured to the inner surfaces of thelateral elements 78 and 81 on their lower halves, and this assembly issecured to the inner surfaces of the lining elements 79 and 80, suchthat the separation between the elements 80/81 and the elements 78/79 isat most equal to the thickness of the elements 70/71/73/74 added to thatof the block 72. The structural element 140 c consists of a centralblock 63, which is secured to the inner surface of the lateral element64 on its lower half and this assembly is secured to the inner surfaceof the lining element 65. The structural element 140 d consists of acentral block 68, which is secured to the inner surface of the lateralelement 67 on its upper half and this assembly is secured to the innersurface of the lining element 66. The element 140 e consists of acentral block 72, similar to the block 77, it is secured to the innersurfaces of the lateral elements 73 and 76 on their upper halves andthis assembly is secured to the inner surfaces of the lining elements 74and 75, such that the separation between the elements 75/76 and 73/74 isat most equal to the thickness of the elements 66/67/78/79 added to thatof the block 68. The element 140 f consists of a central block 69, whichis secured to the inner surface of the lateral element 71 on its lowerhalf and this assembly is secured to the inner surface of the liningelement 70. The central blocks 72 and 77 have at the center and locatedin their bases a recess perpendicular to the respective blocks, with thesame profile as the groove and the tongue located at the lower and upperedges of the blocks; these recesses, when assembled, allow one to makean intersecting structure for the structural elements. The componentparts of the structural elements 140 a, 140 b, 140 c, 140 d, 140 e and140 f, making up the structural assembly 140, are placed such that whenthis structural assembly 140 is produced, the block 72 placed on theblock 77 by means of the recess located in the base of the block 72 andmating with the upper tongue of the block 77 are in perpendicularposition; the elements 60/61/66/67 and the blocks 62/68 are placedagainst the block 72; the block 63 is placed against the block 77; theelements 64 and 65 are placed against the outer surface of the element66; the elements 75 and 76 are placed against the outer surface of theelement 60; the elements 70/71/73/74 and the block 69 are placed againstthe block 77; the elements 78 and 79 are placed against the outersurface of the element 70; the elements 80 and 81 are placed against theouter surface of the element 74. The making of the structural assembly140 enables upper and lower lengthwise alignments between the elements,which in turn, when two structural assemblies 140 are placed one on topof the other, enables a nesting between the lower lengthwise edges ofthe one and the upper lengthwise edges of the other, FIG. 5 a. Theplacing of these elements on top of each other enables verticalalignment, horizontality and plumbness.

The drawing of FIG. 6 shows, in horizontal top view, the realization ofa structure formed overall by several walls and partitions, representingthe various construction elements according to the invention.

FIGS. 6 d, 6 f, 6 c, 6 e and 6 g show horizontal top views of thepreviously described structural construction elements in FIGS. 1, 2, 3a, 4 a and 5 a, respectively. FIG. 6 b shows a horizontal top view of:

two structural assemblies 100 in which the lining element 96 is commonto the two assemblies and the lining elements 94 and 95 each belong toone structural assembly 100, connected together by the profile 97, FIG.6 a. The ability to stagger the lining elements, in the case of FIG. 6 bthe staggering is horizontal, provides more sturdiness to theconstruction.

a filler element 90, which represents for example, a sheet of thermalinsulation, which is secured by simple nesting in the cavities 91located in the lateral ends of the structural assemblies 100, thesecavities 91 are the result of the difference between the lengths of thelateral elements and the lengths of the central blocks, the structuralassemblies 110 also have cavities in their lateral ends, which can havethe same function.

two voids 92 and 93, the void 92 being situated on the exterior side ofthe construction, enabling a vertical ventilation of the structuralelements; this ventilation is also horizontal, by means of the groovessituated in the inner surfaces of the lateral elements and the liningelements 09, FIG. 1. The void 93 is located at the inner side of theconstruction, making possible the passage of electricity, water, orother distribution network conduits.

Another advantage of the invention is the possibility of being able toemploy different profiles, as is technically and/or aestheticallynecessary, as one can see from FIGS. 7 a, 7 b, 7 c, 7 d, 7 e and 7 f.This possibility of using different profiles in any given element,namely, central block, lateral element, and lining element, providesinfinite construction alternatives. It is also possible according to theinvention to use lining elements other than wood, as presented in FIG. 7d, where one of the linings consists of a sheet which can be derivedfrom wood or another material.

The drawing of FIG. 8 shows a wall section constructed from structuralconstruction assemblies of the invention. In order to achieve theesthetics and rigidity of traditional constructions with staggeredcourses of brick, it is possible to produce structural constructionassemblies 101 having half the length of the structural constructionassemblies 102. These structural assemblies have several advantages, forexample:

they allow the use of several kinds of wood

they allow the use of small-dimension wood

they enable, for greater sturdiness of construction, an assemblystaggered simultaneously in the vertical plane, FIG. 8, and thehorizontal plane, FIG. 6 b, of these structural construction elements.

On the other hand, for technical and/or aesthetic reasons, it is alsopossible to produce structural assemblies of larger dimension, forexample having the total length of the wall to be constructed 103; thisvariant has the advantage of eliminating the joints between the liningelements 105.

The construction of a wall from structural construction assemblies iseasy to implement, simple and within the capability of any amateur. Infact, the phases of construction of the wall section are:

-   -   arranging the first course of structural construction elements,        with the grooves situated in the lower lengthwise edges facing        downward, so that the grooves in the lower bases of the central        blocks fit together with the upper tongues of the support beams        104, and the lining elements are joined laterally by the grooves        97, FIG. 6.    -   arranging the grooves of the lower lengthwise edges of the        structural elements of each upper course so that they fit        together with the tongues of the upper lengthwise edges of the        structural elements of the next lower course, and the lining        elements are joined laterally by the grooves 97, FIG. 6.

The inserting of the tongues into the grooves enables not just a nestingand stability of the structural elements placed vertically one on top ofthe other, but also ensures the alignment, the horizontality, and theplumbness of the construction during and after the construction.

Of course, in order to achieve the junction and the anchoring of thewalls to each other, especially in the different directions, as forexample those illustrated by FIG. 6, where the walls make right angleswith each other, one will employ structural construction elements of theinvention as previously described. These structural elements will beselected according to the type of construction desired, a L connection,a T connection, a cross connection, a connection with a different angle,etc.

FIG. 6 h shows a T-connection of a wall made from structuralconstruction assemblies 100 with another wall of partition type, madefrom assemblies of structural construction elements 110. This connectionuses a lath 98, having the same width as the thickness of the centralblock of the elements 110, which is secured vertically on the outersurface of the wall made with the assemblies of elements 100, afterputting in place of this lath 98, the other wall is attached by fittingthe lining elements of the structural assemblies 110 to the lath; thesides of the lath rest against the inner surfaces of the lining elementsof the structural assemblies 110.

The connection and fixation of the structures made from the constructionelements of the invention are assured by elements placed in the verticalopenings located in the central blocks of the construction elements, forexample, screw spindles with supplemental accessories such as washers,bolts, connectors, etc.

It is understood that the structural construction elements described andrepresented above have been done so by way of a disclosure, rather thana limitation. Obviously, improvements, adjustments and modificationscould be made to the preceding examples, without thereby leaving thescope of the invention, taken in its broadest spirit and aspects. Thus,for example, the dimensions of the component parts of the structuralelements which have been described above, namely, the central blockhaving half the useful height of the lateral element, and the latterhaving the same useful height as the lining element, certainly can bemodified without leaving the original and innovative concept of theinvention; on the other hand, the structures which have been describedas being those of walls or partitions certainly can be implemented toproduce ceilings, floors, etc.

1. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based onthese elements for building of structures, especially of walls, wallsections, floors, ceilings, etc., consisting of central blocks (01, 04)having a parallelepiped structure, in which the base is formed by agroove and the upper part by a tongue, to the surfaces of these blocksare applied lateral elements (02, 05) with thickness less than thethickness of the central block, to which are applied lining elements(03, 06), so as to define means of assembly to other structural elements(100), characterized in that the lateral elements (02, 05) while havingthe same useful height as the lining elements (03, 06) are of shorterlength than latter.
 2. Structural elements made of wood and constructionsystem based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized inthat the useful height of the central block (01) (04) corresponds tohalf the useful height of the lateral element (02) (05).
 3. Structuralelements made of wood and construction system based on these elements,according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the central block(01) is glued and secured to the upper half of the inner surface of thelateral element (02).
 4. Structural elements made of wood andconstruction system based on these elements, according to claims 1 and2, characterized in that the central block (04) is glued and secured tothe lower half of the inner surface of the lateral element (05). 5.Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on theseelements, according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that thegroove of the lower lengthwise edge of the central block (01) engageswith the tongue of the upper lengthwise edge of the central block (04)when the structural element (100 a) is assembled with the structuralelement (100 b).
 6. Structural elements made of wood and constructionsystem based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized inthat the lateral element (02) is spaced regularly along the liningelement (03), being secured to the inner surface of the latter by itsouter surface, and the lateral element (05) is spaced regularly alongthe lining element (06), being secured to the inner surface of thelatter by its outer surface.
 7. Structural elements made of wood andconstruction system based on these elements, according to claim 1,characterized on the one hand in that the dimensions of the centralblock (04) are less in height and in length than those of the lateralelement (05), so that after securing of the central block (04) to alower portion of the inner surface of the lateral element (05), bypositioning of the anchoring elements used (08) from the lateral element(05) toward the central block (04), one can secure this assembly ofcentral block (04) and lateral element (05) to the lining element (06)by utilizing the available spaces of the inner surface of the lateralelement (05) located above and to the sides of the central block (04) toaccommodate the fixation elements (08), which are oriented from thelateral element (05) to the lining element (06). The procedure issimilar for the central block (01) with the difference that this issecured on an upper portion of the inner surface of the lateral element(02), and on the other hand in that the direction and the location ofthe fixation elements (08) are such that they are not visible after theconstruction is complete.
 8. Structural elements made of wood andconstruction system based on these elements, according to claim 1,characterized in that, on the one hand, the base of the central block(01) is leveled at the center of the height of the lateral element (02)and the lining element (03), and on the other hand the upper part of thecentral block (04) is leveled at the center of the height of the lateralelement (05) and the lining element (06), so that when the structuralelement (100 a) is assembled on the structural element (100 b) all thecomponent parts of the structural element (100) are leveled on top andat bottom.
 9. Structural elements made of wood and construction systembased on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that,for a simple and quick fabrication, as well as an optimal utilization ofthe materials, the lateral element (02, 05) of very short length can beidentical in its profile to that of the lining element (03, 06). 10.Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on theseelements, according to claim 1, characterized in that the useful heightof the two central blocks (01, 04) can be different, but the usefulheight of the central block (04) added to the useful height of thecentral block (01) should be equal to the useful height of the lateralelements (02, 05) and to the useful height of the lining elements (03,06).
 11. Structural elements made of wood and construction system basedon these elements, according to claim 1, characterized in that thevertical perforations (07) of the central blocks (01, 04) can bereplaced by vertical grooves; these are made vertically in the surfacesof the central blocks (01, 04) that are not secured to the lateralelements (02, 05). These vertical grooves for replacement of theperforations are also applicable to the perforations (13, 33, 34). 12.Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on theseelements, according to claim 11, characterized on the one hand in thatthe vertical grooves made in the surfaces of the central blocks (01, 04)to replace the perforations (07) are vertically lined up when assemblingthe central block (01) belonging to the structural element (100 a) ontothe central block (04) belonging to the structural element (100 b), andon the other hand in that these grooves allow for the passage offixation elements.
 13. Structural elements made of wood and constructionsystem based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized inthat the central blocks (01, 04) can be fabricated and placed inposition of “lying wood” or “standing wood”. This applies to all thecentral blocks.
 14. Structural elements made of wood and constructionsystem based on these elements, according to claim 1, characterized inthat, on the one hand, the central block (01) remains placed against theinner surface of the lateral element (05) on its upper half and, on theother hand, the central block (04) remains placed against the innersurface of the lateral element (02) on its lower half when thestructural element (100 a) is placed on top of the structural element(100 b).
 15. Structural elements made of wood and construction systembased on these elements, according to the preceding claims,characterized in that the central block (26, 32) has in one of its endsand situated in its base a recess (35) perpendicular to the block, witha profile identical to the groove and to the tongue of the centralblock.
 16. Structural elements made of wood and construction systembased on these elements, according to claim 15, characterized by thefitting of the upper tongue of the central block (32) into the recess(35) of the central block (26).
 17. Structural elements made of wood andconstruction system based on these elements, according to claim 15,characterized in that the central block (26, 32) has two verticalperforations (33 and 34).
 18. Structural elements made of wood andconstruction system based on these elements, according to claim 15,characterized on the one hand in that one of the ends of the centralblock (25) is placed against one surface of the central block (32) andon the other hand in that one of the ends of the central block (31) isplaced against a surface of the central block (26).
 19. Structuralelements made of wood and construction system based on these elements,according to claims 15, 16 and 18, characterized on the one hand in thatthe lateral element (30) assembled with the lining element (28) can beplaced at one of their ends against an outer surface of the liningelement (21) or can be placed against a surface of the central blocks(25 and 26), and on the other hand in that the lateral element (29) isplaced at one of its ends against a surface of the central block (26).20. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based onthese elements, according to claims 15, 18 and 19, characterized on theone hand in that the lateral element (23) assembled with the liningelement (21) can be placed at one of their ends against a surface of thecentral blocks (31 and 32), or can be placed against the outer surfaceof the lining element (28), and on the other hand in that the lateralelement (24) is placed at one of its ends against a surface of thecentral block (32).
 21. Structural elements made of wood andconstruction system based on these elements, according to claims 15, 18,19 and 20, characterized in that the lining element (27) can be placedat one of its ends against the inner surface of the lining element (22)or this lining element (22) can be placed at one of its ends against theinner surface of the lining element (27).
 22. Structural elements madeof wood and construction system based on these elements, according toclaims 1 to 20, characterized in that the central block (49) has, in itsbase and situated at the center, a groove (57) perpendicular to theblock, with a profile identical to the profile of the lower groove andidentical to the profile of the upper projection of the same block. 23.Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on theseelements, according to claim 22, characterized in that the central block(49) has three vertical perforations.
 24. Structural elements made ofwood and construction system based on these elements, according to claim22, characterized in that the lateral element (53), assembled with thecentral block (54), are separated from the lateral element (55),assembled with the central block (56), by a spacing equal to thethickness of the central block (46).
 25. Structural elements made ofwood and construction system based on these elements, according toclaims 22 to 24, characterized in that, on the one hand, one of the endsof the central block (45) is placed against a surface of the centralblock (49), and on the other hand one of the ends of the central block(46) is placed against the inner surface of the lining element (52). 26.Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on theseelements, according to claims 22 to 25, characterized in that, on theone hand, one of the ends of the lateral element (43) and lining element(41) can be placed against a surface of the central blocks (49 and 54)or can be placed against the outer surface of the lining element (50),and on the other hand one of the ends of the lateral element (44) andlining element (42) can be placed against one surface of the centralblocks (49 and 56) or can be placed against the outer surface of thelining element (47).
 27. Structural elements made of wood andconstruction system based on these elements, according to claims 22 to26, characterized in that, on the one hand, one of the ends of thelateral element (48) and lining element (47) can be placed against theouter surface of the lining element (42) or can be placed against asurface of the central blocks (45 and 46), and on the other hand one ofthe ends of the lateral element (51) and lining element (50) can beplaced against the outer surface of the lining element (41) or can beplaced against a surface of the central blocks (45 and 46). 28.Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on theseelements, according to claims 22 to 27, characterized in that the innersurfaces of the lateral elements (48 and 51) on their upper halves areplaced respectively against a surface of the central blocks (56 and 54).29. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based onthese elements, according to claims 22 to 28, characterized by an anglednesting of the central blocks (46 and 49) by means of grooves (57). 30.Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on theseelements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that, onthe one hand, the central blocks (72 and 77), and on the other hand thecentral blocks (62, 63, 68 and 69) are similar to each other. 31.Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on theseelements, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that thelateral fits (91) resulting from the difference in length between thelength of the lateral elements and that of the central block enable theinsertion and the fixation of the element (90).
 32. Structural elementsmade of wood and construction system based on these elements, accordingto the preceding claims, characterized in that, on the one hand, thevoid (92) equal to the thickness of the lateral element, resulting fromthe separation between the element (90) and the lining element (94, 95),enables a vertical and horizontal ventilation, and on the other hand thevoid (93) equal to the thickness of the lateral element, resulting fromthe separation between the element (90) and the lining element (96),allows for passage of electricity, water or other distribution networkconduits.
 33. Structural elements made of wood and construction systembased on these elements, according to the preceding claims,characterized by the possibility of using different lengths of liningelements (101, 102, 103) and by the possibility of being able to staggerthem horizontally (97) and/or vertically (105).
 34. Structural elementsmade of wood and construction system based on these elements,characterized in that the central block (12, 15) has, at its ends, anL-shaped vertical cross section, which can also be U-shaped, allowing onthe one hand for fixation (16) of the central block to the liningelements (11, 14), and on the other hand because of the lateral fitsresulting from the L or U-shaped cross sections it enables the insertionand fixation of an element similar to the element (90).
 35. Structuralelements made of wood and construction system based on these elements,according to claim 34, characterized in that the lining element (11, 14)has twice the useful height of the useful height of the central block.36. Structural elements made of wood and construction system based onthese elements, according to claim 34, characterized in that, on the onehand, the central block (12) is secured to the inner surface of thelining element (11) on its upper half and aligned with it above, and onthe other hand the central block (15) is secured to the inner surface ofthe lining element (14) on its lower half and aligned with it below. 37.Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on theseelements, according to claim 34, characterized in that the groove of thelower lengthwise edge of the central block (12) engages with the tongueof the upper lengthwise edge of the central block (15) when thestructural element (110 a) is placed on top of the structural element(110 b).
 38. Structural elements made of wood and construction systembased on these elements, according to claim 34, characterized in thatthe central block (12, 15) is perforated vertically (13), and thisperforation allows for the passage of the fixation element. 39.Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on theseelements, according to claim 34, characterized in that the verticalperforations (13) existing in the central blocks (12, 15) are verticallyaligned when the central block (12) belonging to the structural element(110 a) is placed on top of the central block (15) belonging to thestructural element (110 b).
 40. Structural elements made of wood andconstruction system based on these elements, according to claim 34,characterized in that the upper and lower lengthwise edges of thestructural elements (110 a and 110 b) are aligned when the structuralelement (110 a) is placed on top of the structural element (110 b). 41.Structural elements made of wood and construction system based on theseelements, according to claim 34, characterized in that, on the one hand,the smallest surface of the central block (12) is placed against theinner surface of the lining element (14) on its upper half, and on theother hand the smallest surface of the central block (15) is placedagainst the inner surface of the lining element (11) on its lower halfwhen the structural element (110 a) is placed on top of the structuralelement (110 b).
 42. Structural elements made of wood and constructionsystem based on these elements, according to the preceding claims,characterized in that it consists in arranging the first course ofstructural construction elements with the grooves situated at the lowerlengthwise edges pointing downward, so that the grooves in the lowerbases of the central blocks engage with the upper tongues of the supportbeams (104) and the lining elements are joined laterally by the grooves(97), arranging the grooves of the lower lengthwise edges of thestructural elements of each upper course so that they engage with thetongues of the upper lengthwise edges of the structural elements of theunderlying course, and the lining elements are joined laterally by thegrooves (97), and arranging the connection and fixation elements (106)in the perforations of the central blocks, with the supplementalaccessories, washers, bolts, connectors, or other.
 43. Structuralelements made of wood and construction system based on these elements,according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining element (03, 06)can be made from a sheet derived from wood or other materials, which canbe attached during the manufacturing, with more reduced dimensions, orafter the assembly of the wall, for example, with a sheet of a singlepiece.